{"id":178637,"date":"2018-12-31T13:24:14","date_gmt":"2018-12-31T06:24:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/?p=178637"},"modified":"2018-12-25T14:50:30","modified_gmt":"2018-12-25T07:50:30","slug":"umami-chia-khoa-cua-nhung-tuyet-tac-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/2018\/12\/31\/umami-chia-khoa-cua-nhung-tuyet-tac-thuc\/","title":{"rendered":"Umami \u2013 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Du l\u1ecbch Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/a>, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gia v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: ng\u1ecdt, chua, m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1eafng \u2013 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb ngon cho m\u00f3n \u0103n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u00e0i n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean v\u1ecb umami – m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ngon mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a cho m\u00f3n \u0103n.<\/p>\n

Umami \u2013 ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Kikunae Ikeda<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1907, trong b\u1eefa \u0103n t\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, khi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u00f3n Yudofu (\u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng dashi – n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o b\u1eb9 kombu) c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ikeda nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng kombu c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ngon \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c khi c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ph\u00f4 mai, c\u00e0 chua v\u00e0 m\u0103ng t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\"Du
T\u1ea3o b\u1eb9 Kombu mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho m\u00f3n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng Dashi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng b\u0103n kho\u0103n, tr\u0103n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong \u00f4ng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n ngon. Ch\u00ednh khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4i th\u00fac \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng dashi v\u1edbi t\u1ea3o b\u1eb9 kombu. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1908 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00ednh glutamate \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng axit amin ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi – l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ecb ngon ng\u1ecdt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 umami b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb \u201cumai\u201d \u2013 \u201cngon\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cmi\u201d – \u201cv\u1ecb\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

\"Du
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Kikunae Ikeda \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u1ecb Umami.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1909, v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n ngon h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ikeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t glutamate d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng mononatri glutamate – b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi mang t\u00ean AJI-NO-MOTO. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt AJI-NO-MOTO tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gia v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u0103n b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 5 v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m : chua, ng\u1ecdt, m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 umami. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 mang m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb chua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng, hay v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c\/ thu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec v\u1ecb umami – \u201cv\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt th\u1ecbt\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea1m. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi umami \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecb umami trong \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb umami c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0: th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1, s\u1eefa hay rau c\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 chua, m\u0103ng t\u00e2y, n\u1ea5m kh\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ecb umami s\u1ebd r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ecb umami\u201d, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a glutamate, inosinate v\u00e0 guanylate.<\/p>\n

\"Du
\u00d4ng Takaaki Nishii \u2013 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Ajinomoto chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea1i Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Umami Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m 110 n\u0103m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u1ecb Umami.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Inosinate l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mang l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb umami th\u1ee9 hai, do h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ikeda l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Shintaro Kodama nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb v\u1ea3y c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb kh\u00f4 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1913. C\u00f2n guanylate l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba mang l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb umami, do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Akira Kuninaka ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra trong n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng shiitake v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957. Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng bouillon \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, m\u00ec spaghetti n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, hay m\u00f3n ph\u1edf (mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc), m\u00f3n b\u00fan b\u00f2 Hu\u1ebf (mi\u1ec1n Trung) v\u00e0 m\u00f3n b\u00e1nh canh (mi\u1ec1n Nam) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1edf th\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 21, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a umami trong n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Du l\u1ecbch Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gia v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: ng\u1ecdt, chua, m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1eafng \u2013 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb ngon cho m\u00f3n \u0103n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u00e0i n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":178641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8686,145],"tags":[322,465],"class_list":["post-178637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-du-lich-nhat-ban","category-nuoc-ngoai","tag-chudu24","tag-du-lich-nhat-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=178637"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":178651,"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178637\/revisions\/178651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/178641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=178637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=178637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chudu24.com\/thongtindulich\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=178637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}